Amy Ogan

Publication Activity (10 Years)

Years Active: 2004-2024
Publications (10 Years): 68

Top Topics

Teachable Agent

English Language Learners

Selective Attention

Top Venues

Publications

Prasoon Patidar, Tricia J. Ngoon, John Zimmerman, Amy Ogan, Yuvraj Agarwal
ClassID: Enabling Student Behavior Attribution from Ambient Classroom Sensing Systems. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 8 (2) (2024)
Emily Amspoker, Jessica Hammer, Amy Ogan, Jaemarie Solyst
Augmenting Youths' Critical Consciousness Through Redesign of Algorithmic Systems. ICER (2) (2024)
Jaemarie Solyst, Ellia Yang, Shixian Xie, Jessica Hammer, Amy Ogan, Motahhare Eslami
Children's Overtrust and Shifting Perspectives of Generative AI. CoRR (2024)
Jaemarie Solyst, Emily Amspoker, Ellia Yang, Yi Luo, Jessica Hammer, Amy Ogan
Scaffolding Critical Thinking about Stakeholders' Power in Socio-Technical AI Literacy. ICER (2) (2024)
Tricia J. Ngoon, Vikram Kamath Cannanure, Kaja Jasinska, Sharon Wolf, Amy Ogan
"I believe I did not preach into the desert": Opportunities & Challenges in Scaling Teacher Mentorship through Mobile Technology in Rural Côte d'Ivoire. L@S (2024)
Tricia J. Ngoon, S. Sushil, Angela E. B. Stewart, Ung-Sang Lee, Saranya Venkatraman, Neil Thawani, Prasenjit Mitra, Sherice N. Clarke, John Zimmerman, Amy Ogan
ClassInSight: Designing Conversation Support Tools to Visualize Classroom Discussion for Personalized Teacher Professional Development. CHI (2024)
Tricia J. Ngoon, Sushil S., Angela Stewart, Ung-Sang Lee, Saranya Venkatraman, Neil Thawani, Prasenjit Mitra, Sherice N. Clarke, John Zimmerman, Amy Ogan
ClassInSight: Designing Conversation Support Tools to Visualize Classroom Discussion for Personalized Teacher Professional Development. CoRR (2024)
Ellia Yang, Amy Ogan, Jessica Hammer, Jaemarie Solyst
Designing an AI Literacy Transformational Game for Families. ICER (2) (2024)
Christine Kwon, Darren Butler, Judith Odili Uchidiuno, John C. Stamper, Amy Ogan
Investigating Demographics and Motivation in Engineering Education Using Radio and Phone-Based Educational Technologies. CHI (2024)
Yinmiao Li, Jennifer Nwogu, Amanda Buddemeyer, Jaemarie Solyst, Jina Lee, Erin Walker, Amy Ogan, Angela E. B. Stewart
"I Want to Be Unique From Other Robots": Positioning Girls as Co-creators of Social Robots in Culturally-Responsive Computing Education. CHI (2023)
Jaemarie Solyst, Alexis Axon, Angela E. B. Stewart, Motahhare Eslami, Amy Ogan
Investigating Girls' Perspectives and Knowledge Gaps on Ethics and Fairness in Artificial Intelligence in a Lightweight Workshop. CoRR (2023)
Amy Ogan, Frederick M. C. van Amstel, Gabriela Molina León, Juan Fernando Maestre, Kristin Williams, Nicola J. Bidwell, Pedro Reynolds-Cuéllar, Saiph Savage, Sushil K. Oswal, Vishal Sharma
Why Do We Need to Learn about Citational Practices? Recognizing Knowledge Production from the Global Souths and Beyond. XRDS 29 (3) (2023)
Jaemarie Solyst, Shixian Xie, Ellia Yang, Angela E. B. Stewart, Motahhare Eslami, Jessica Hammer, Amy Ogan
"I Would Like to Design": Black Girls Analyzing and Ideating Fair and Accountable AI. CHI (2023)
Jaemarie Solyst, Amy Ogan, Jessica Hammer
Intergenerational Games to Learn About AI and Ethics. SIGCSE (2) (2023)
Luis Morales-Navarro, Yasmin B. Kafai, Francisco Enrique Vicente Castro, William Christopher Payne, Kayla DesPortes, Daniella DiPaola, Randi Williams, Safinah Ali, Cynthia Breazeal, Clifford H. Lee, Elisabeth Soep, Duri Long, Brian Magerko, Jaemarie Solyst, Amy Ogan, Cansu Tatar, Shiyan Jiang, Jie Chao, Carolyn P. Rosé, Sepehr Vakil
Making Sense of Machine Learning: Integrating Youth's Conceptual, Creative, and Critical Understandings of AI. CoRR (2023)
Shixian Xie, Jaemarie Solyst, Amy Ogan, Jessica Hammer
Booklet-Based Design Fiction to Support AI Literacy. SIGCSE (2) (2023)
Tricia J. Ngoon, David Kovalev, Prasoon Patidar, Chris Harrison, Yuvraj Agarwal, John Zimmerman, Amy Ogan
"An Instructor is [already] able to keep track of 30 students": Students' Perceptions of Smart Classrooms for Improving Teaching & Their Emergent Understandings of Teaching and Learning. Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (2023)
Jaemarie Solyst, Ellia Yang, Shixian Xie, Amy Ogan, Jessica Hammer, Motahhare Eslami
The Potential of Diverse Youth as Stakeholders in Identifying and Mitigating Algorithmic Bias for a Future of Fairer AI. Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact. 7 (CSCW2) (2023)
Dusan Misevic, Ignacio Atal, Denis Bedard, Eric Cherel, José Escamilla, Linda Evans, Valerie Hannon, Caroline Huron, Olivier Irrmann, René F. Kizilcec, Emmanuel Lazega, Kerri Lemoie, Ariel B. Lindner, Mariana Macedo, Gaell Mainguy, Richard Mann, Camille Masselot, Pietro Michelucci, Iryna Nikolayeva, Amy Ogan, Mar Pérez-Sanagustín, Niccolo Pescetelli, Sasha Poquet, Janet Rafner, Dominic Regester, Marc Santolini, Jean-Marc Sevin, Dafna Shahaf, Jacob Friis Sherson, Jacksón Smith, Mattias Söllner, Françoise Fogelman-Soulié, François Taddei, Liubov Tupikina, Sander van der Leeuw
Harnessing collective intelligence for the future of learning - a co-constructed research and development agenda. Hum. Comput. 10 (1) (2023)
Jaemarie Solyst, Tara Nkrumah, Angela E. B. Stewart, Jina Lee, Erin Walker, Amy Ogan
Understanding Instructors' Cultivation of Connectedness in K-12 Online Synchronous Culturally Responsive STEM and Computing Education. Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact. 6 (CSCW2) (2022)
Jaemarie Solyst, Jennifer Kim, Amy Ogan, Jessica Hammer
Data Detectives: A Tabletop Card Game about Training Data. ITiCSE (2) (2022)
Jaemarie Solyst, Tara Nkrumah, Angela Stewart, Amanda Buddemeyer, Erin Walker, Amy Ogan
Insights from Virtual Culturally Responsive Computing Camps. SIGCSE (2) (2022)
Jaemarie Solyst, Tara Nkrumah, Angela Stewart, Amanda Buddemeyer, Erin Walker, Amy Ogan
Running an Online Synchronous Culturally Responsive Computing Camp for Middle School Girls. ITiCSE (1) (2022)
Vikram Kamath Cannanure, Eloísa Ávila-Uribe, Tricia Ngoon, Yves Thierry Adji, Sharon Wolf, Kaja Jasinska, Timothy X. Brown, Amy Ogan
"We dream of climbing the ladder; to get there, we have to do our job better": Designing for Teacher Aspirations in rural Côte d'Ivoire. COMPASS (2022)
Jaemarie Solyst, Laura Yao, Alexis Axon, Amy Ogan
"It is the Future": Exploring Parent Perspectives of CS Education. SIGCSE (1) (2022)
Amanda Buddemeyer, Jennifer Nwogu, Jaemarie Solyst, Erin Walker, Tara Nkrumah, Amy Ogan, Leshell Hatley, Angela Stewart
Unwritten Magic: Participatory Design of AI Dialogue to Empower Marginalized Voices. GoodIT (2022)
Jaemarie Solyst, Tara Nkrumah, Angela E. B. Stewart, Jina Lee, Erin Walker, Amy Ogan
Understanding Instructors' Cultivation of Connectedness in K-12 Online Synchronous Culturally Responsive STEM and Computing Education. Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact. 6 (CSCW2) (2022)
Judith Uchidiuno, Ken Koedinger, Amy Ogan
Teacher Perspectives on Peer-Peer Collaboration and Education Technologies in Rural Tanzanian Classrooms. COMPASS (2021)
Karan Ahuja, Deval Shah, Sujeath Pareddy, Franceska Xhakaj, Amy Ogan, Yuvraj Agarwal, Chris Harrison
Classroom Digital Twins with Instrumentation-Free Gaze Tracking. CHI (2021)
Judith Odili Uchidiuno, Jessica Hammer, Ken Koedinger, Amy Ogan
Fostering Equitable Help-Seeking for K-3 Students in Low Income and Rural Contexts. CHI (2021)
Angela E. B. Stewart, Jaemarie Solyst, Amanda Buddemeyer, Leshell Hatley, Sharon Henderson-Singer, Kimberly Scott, Erin Walker, Amy Ogan
Explaining Engagement: Learner Behaviors in a Virtual Coding Camp. AIED (2) (2021)
Amanda Buddemeyer, Leshell Hatley, Angela Stewart, Jaemarie Solyst, Amy Ogan, Erin Walker
Agentic Engagement with a Programmable Dialog System. ICER (2021)
Viktoria Pammer-Schindler, Erik Harpstead, Benjamin Xie, Betsy DiSalvo, Ahmed Kharrufa, Petr Slovák, Amy Ogan, Joseph Jay Williams, Michael Jongseon Lee
Learning and education in HCI: a reflection on the SIG at CHI 2019. Interactions 27 (5) (2020)
Vikram Kamath Cannanure, Timothy X. Brown, Amy Ogan
DIA: A Human AI Hybrid Conversational Assistant for Developing Contexts. ICTD (2020)
Allison Hall, Mitchell J. Nathan, Michael Horn, Susan Fitzpatrick, Brent Dolezalek, Richard Correnti, Eben B. Witherspoon, Lindsay Clare Matsumura, Maggie Walsh, Christian Schunn, Mary Kay Stein, Celeste Nicholas, Jessica McClain, Meredith Park Rogers, Joshua A. Danish, Lynsey Gibbons, Eve Manz, Annie Wilhelm, Andrea Bien, Sarah Kavanagh, Eric Siy, Elizabeth Dutro, Hala Ghousseini, Elham Kazemi, Chris Griesemer, Aliza Zivic, Kelsey Edwards, Christina Murzynski, J. F. Trey Smith, Jessica L. Alzen, Cynthia Passmore, William R. Penuel, Brian J. Reiser, Susan Goldman, Monlin Ko, Patricio G. Herbst, Amanda Milewski, Amy Ogan, Sherice N. Clarke, Andrea S. Gomoll, John Zimmerman, Jesús Calvillo, Kris D. Gutiérrez
Teachers Learning to Promote Classroom Discourse, Equity, Agency, and Engagement. ICLS (2020)
Michael A. Madaio, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Vikram Kamath Cannanure, Benjamin Zinszer, Joelle Hannon-Cropp, Fabrice Tanoh, Akpe Yapo Hermann, Axel Blahoua Seri, Kaja Jasinska, Amy Ogan
Collective Support and Independent Learning with a Voice-Based Literacy Technology in Rural Communities. CHI (2020)
Rishabh Chatterjee, Michael Madaio, Amy Ogan
Predicting Gaps in Usage in a Phone-Based Literacy Intervention System. AIED (1) (2020)
Vikram Kamath Cannanure, Justin Souvenir Niweteto, Yves Thierry Adji, Akpe Yapo Hermann, Kaja K. Jasinska, Timothy X. Brown, Amy Ogan
I'm fine where I am, but I want to do more: Exploring Teacher Aspirations in Rural Côte d'Ivoire. COMPASS (2020)
Michael A. Madaio, Vikram Kamath Cannanure, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Shelby Zasacky, Fabrice Tanoh, Joelle Hannon-Cropp, Justine Cassell, Kaja Jasinska, Amy Ogan
"You give a little of yourself": family support for children's use of an IVR literacy system. COMPASS (2019)
Michael A. Madaio, Fabrice Tanoh, Axel Blahoua Seri, Kaja Jasinska, Amy Ogan
"Everyone Brings Their Grain of Salt": Designing for Low-Literate Parental Engagement with a Mobile Literacy Technology in Côte d'Ivoire. CHI (2019)
Michael Madaio, Amy Ogan
Design Opportunities for AIED to Support Parents' Literacy. SLLL@AIED (2019)
Benjamin Xie, Erik Harpstead, Betsy DiSalvo, Petr Slovák, Ahmed Kharrufa, Michael Jongseon Lee, Viktoria Pammer-Schindler, Amy Ogan, Joseph Jay Williams
Learning, Education, and HCI. CHI Extended Abstracts (2019)
Judith Uchidiuno, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Emilio Vargas-Vite, Ken Koedinger, Amy Ogan
The Effectiveness of Publicly vs. Privately Assigned Group Leaders Among Learners in Rural Villages in Tanzania. CSCL (2019)
Karan Ahuja, Dohyun Kim, Franceska Xhakaj, Virag Varga, Anne Xie, Stanley Zhang, Jay Eric Townsend, Chris Harrison, Amy Ogan, Yuvraj Agarwal
EduSense: Practical Classroom Sensing at Scale. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 3 (3) (2019)
Nichola Lubold, Erin Walker, Heather Pon-Barry, Amy Ogan
Comfort with Robots Influences Rapport with a Social, Entraining Teachable Robot. AIED (1) (2019)
Judith Uchidiuno, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Emily Keebler, Kenneth R. Koedinger, Amy Ogan
Learning from african classroom pedagogy to increase student engagement in education technologies. COMPASS (2019)
Amy Ogan
Reframing classroom sensing: promise and peril. Interactions 26 (6) (2019)
Michael Madaio, Kun Peng, Amy Ogan, Justine Cassell
A Climate of Support: A Process-Oriented Analysis of the Impact of Rapport on Peer Tutoring. ICLS (2018)
Judith Odili Uchidiuno, Amy Ogan, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Jessica Hammer
Going Global: Understanding English Language Learners' Student Motivation in English-Language MOOCs. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 28 (4) (2018)
Judith Uchidiuno, Ken Koedinger, Jessica Hammer, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Amy Ogan
How Do English Language Learners Interact with Different Content Types in MOOC Videos? Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 28 (4) (2018)
Judith Uchidiuno, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Michael A. Madaio, Nupur Maheshwari, Ken Koedinger, Amy Ogan
Designing Appropriate Learning Technologies for School vs Home Settings in Tanzanian Rural Villages. COMPASS (2018)
David Gerritsen, John Zimmerman, Amy Ogan
Towards a Framework for Smart Classrooms that Teach Instructors to Teach. ICLS (2018)
Nichola Lubold, Erin Walker, Heather Pon-Barry, Yuliana Flores, Amy Ogan
Using Iterative Design to Create Efficacy-Building Social Experiences with a Teachable Robot. ICLS (2018)
Nichola Lubold, Erin Walker, Heather Pon-Barry, Amy Ogan
Automated Pitch Convergence Improves Learning in a Social, Teachable Robot for Middle School Mathematics. AIED (1) (2018)
Michael Madaio, Justine Cassell, Amy Ogan
The Impact of Peer Tutors' Use of Indirect Feedback and Instructions. CSCL (2017)
Hongliang Yu, Liangke Gui, Michael A. Madaio, Amy Ogan, Justine Cassell, Louis-Philippe Morency
Temporally Selective Attention Model for Social and Affective State Recognition in Multimedia Content. ACM Multimedia (2017)
Judith Uchidiuno, Jessica Hammer, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Kenneth R. Koedinger, Amy Ogan
Characterizing ELL Students' Behavior During MOOC Videos Using Content Type. L@S (2017)
Evelyn Yarzebinski, Cristina Dumdumaya, Ma. Mercedes T. Rodrigo, Noboru Matsuda, Amy Ogan
Regional Cultural Differences in How Students Customize Their Avatars in Technology-Enhanced Learning. AIED (2017)
Michael A. Madaio, Rae Lasko, Justine Cassell, Amy Ogan
Using Temporal Association Rule Mining to Predict Dyadic Rapport in Peer Tutoring. EDM (2017)
Michael A. Madaio, Justine Cassell, Amy Ogan
"I think you just got mixed up": confident peer tutors hedge to support partners' face needs. Int. J. Comput. Support. Collab. Learn. 12 (4) (2017)
Amy Ogan, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Roberto De Roock, Cristina Dumdumaya, Michelle P. Banawan, Ma. Mercedes T. Rodrigo
Proficiency and Preference Using Local Language with a Teachable Agent. AIED (2017)
Judith Uchidiuno, Amy Ogan, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Jessica Hammer
Understanding ESL Students' Motivations to Increase MOOC Accessibility. L@S (2016)
Michael A. Madaio, Amy Ogan, Justine Cassell
The Effect of Friendship and Tutoring Roles on Reciprocal Peer Tutoring Strategies. ITS (2016)
Erin Walker, Amy Ogan
We're in this Together: Intentional Design of Social Relationships with AIED Systems. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 26 (2) (2016)
Jia Zhang, Amy Ogan, Tzu-Chien Liu, Yao-Ting Sung, Kuo-En Chang
The Influence of using Augmented Reality on Textbook Support for Learners of Different Learning Styles. ISMAR (2016)
Anna Kasunic, Jessica Hammer, Robert E. Kraut, Michael Massimi, Amy Ogan
A Preliminary Look at MOOC-associated Facebook Groups: Prevalence, Geographic Representation, and Homophily. L@S (2016)
Judith Uchidiuno, Amy Ogan, Kenneth R. Koedinger, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Jessica Hammer
Browser Language Preferences as a Metric for Identifying ESL Speakers in MOOCs. L@S (2016)
Sherice N. Clarke, David Gerritsen, Rebecca Grainger, Amy Ogan
Uncovering Teachers' Pedagogical Reasoning in Science Discussions. ICLS (2016)
Ignacio Casas, Patricia Fernández, Marcia Barrera, Amy Ogan
Culture-Oriented Factors in the Implementation of Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Chile. AIED Workshops (2015)
Anna Kasunic, Jessica Hammer, Amy Ogan
Cultural Relevance in MOOCs: Asking About Socioeconomic Context. L@S (2015)
Amy Ogan, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Patricia Fernández, Ignacio Casas
Cognitive Tutor Use in Chile: Understanding Classroom and Lab Culture. AIED (2015)
Amy Ogan, Erin Walker, Ryan S. Baker, Ma. Mercedes T. Rodrigo, Jose Carlo A. Soriano, Maynor Jimenez Castro
Towards Understanding How to Assess Help-Seeking Behavior Across Cultures. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 25 (2) (2015)
David Gerritsen, John Zimmerman, Amy Ogan
Exploring Power Distance, Classroom Activity, and the International Classroom Through Personal Informatics. AIED Workshops (2015)
Evelyn Yarzebinski, Amy Ogan, Ma. Mercedes T. Rodrigo, Noboru Matsuda
Understanding Students' Use of Code-Switching in a Learning by Teaching Technology. AIED (2015)
Amy Ogan, W. Lewis Johnson
Preface for the Special Issue on Culturally Aware Educational Technologies. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 25 (2) (2015)
Samantha L. Finkelstein, Evelyn Yarzebinski, Callie Vaughn, Amy Ogan, Justine Cassell
The Effects of Culturally Congruent Educational Technologies on Student Achievement. AIED (2013)
Stephen Oney, Chris Harrison, Amy Ogan, Jason Wiese
ZoomBoard: a diminutive qwerty soft keyboard using iterative zooming for ultra-small devices. CHI (2013)
Zhou Yu, David Gerritsen, Amy Ogan, Alan W. Black, Justine Cassell
Automatic Prediction of Friendship via Multi-model Dyadic Features. SIGDIAL Conference (2013)
William Yang Wang, Samantha L. Finkelstein, Amy Ogan, Alan W. Black, Justine Cassell
"Love ya, jerkface": Using Sparse Log-Linear Models to Build Positive and Impolite Relationships with Teens. SIGDIAL Conference (2012)
Jose Carlo A. Soriano, Ma. Mercedes T. Rodrigo, Ryan Shaun Joazeiro de Baker, Amy Ogan, Erin Walker, Maynor Jimenez Castro, Ryan Genato, Samantha Fontaine, Ricardo Belmontez
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Effective Help-Seeking Behavior among Students Using an ITS for Math. ITS (2012)
Amy Ogan, Samantha L. Finkelstein, Erin Walker, Ryan Carlson, Justine Cassell
Rudeness and Rapport: Insults and Learning Gains in Peer Tutoring. ITS (2012)
Samantha L. Finkelstein, Stefan Scherer, Amy Ogan, Louis-Philippe Morency, Justine Cassell
Investigating the influence of virtual peers as dialect models on students' prosodic inventory. WOCCI (2012)
Amy Ogan, Erin Walker, Ryan Shaun Joazeiro de Baker, Genaro Rebolledo-Mendez, Maynor Jimenez Castro, Tania Laurentino, Adriana M. J. B. de Carvalho
Collaboration in cognitive tutor use in latin America: field study and design recommendations. CHI (2012)
Amy Ogan, Samantha L. Finkelstein, Elijah Mayfield, Claudia D'Adamo, Noboru Matsuda, Justine Cassell
"Oh dear stacy!": social interaction, elaboration, and learning with teachable agents. CHI (2012)
Amy Ogan, Vincent Aleven, Christopher Jones, Julia Kim
Persistent Effects of Social Instructional Dialog in a Virtual Learning Environment. AIED (2011)
Erin Walker, Amy Ogan, Ryan Shaun Joazeiro de Baker, Adriana M. J. B. de Carvalho, Tania Laurentino, Genaro Rebolledo-Mendez, Maynor Jimenez Castro
Observations of Collaboration in Cognitive Tutor Use in Latin America. AIED (2011)
Amy Ogan, Vincent Aleven, Julia Kim, Christopher Jones
Intercultural Negotiation with Virtual Humans: The Effect of Social Goals on Gameplay and Learning. Intelligent Tutoring Systems (1) (2010)
Vincent Aleven, Eben Myers, Matthew W. Easterday, Amy Ogan
Toward a Framework for the Analysis and Design of Educational Games. DIGITEL (2010)
Amy Ogan, Vincent Aleven, Julia Kim, Christopher Jones
Developing Interpersonal Relationships with Virtual Agents through Social Instructional Dialog. IVA (2010)
Amy Ogan, Vincent Aleven, Christopher Jones
Investigating the Effects of Social Goals in a Negotiation Game with Virtual Humans. AIED (2009)
Amy Ogan, Vincent Aleven, Julia Kim, Christopher Jones
Antecedents of Attributions in an Educational Game for Social Learning: Who's to Blame? HCI (12) (2009)
Amy Ogan, Julia Kim, Vincent Aleven, Christopher Jones
Explicit Social Goals and Learning in a Game for Cross-cultural Negotiation. AIED (2009)
Amy Ogan, Vincent Aleven, Christopher Jones
Advancing Development of Intercultural Competence through Supporting Predictions in Narrative Video. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 19 (3) (2009)
Amy Ogan, Erin Walker, Vincent Aleven, Christopher Jones
Toward Supporting Collaborative Discussion in an Ill-Defined Domain. Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2008)
Amy Ogan, Vincent Aleven, Christopher Jones
Pause, predict, and ponder: use of narrative videos to improve cultural discussion and learning. CHI (2008)
Vincent Aleven, Amy Ogan, Octav Popescu, Cristen Torrey, Kenneth R. Koedinger
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Tutorial Dialogue System for Self-Explanation. Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2004)