Using Expectation-Maximization for exposing image forgeries by revealing inconsistencies in shadow geometry.
Morteza NasiriAlireza BehradPublished in: J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. (2019)
Keyphrases
- expectation maximization
- image data
- single image
- input image
- image features
- image analysis
- image representation
- edge detection
- image segmentation
- em algorithm
- multiscale
- image retrieval
- cast shadows
- three dimensional
- image content
- similarity measure
- image regions
- gaussian mixture
- image matching
- light source
- digital images
- segmentation method
- segmentation algorithm
- test images
- feature points
- spatial information
- aerial images
- geometric constraints
- geometric features
- shadow detection
- probability density function
- bayesian framework
- gaussian mixture model
- knowledge base
- mixture model
- image classification
- color images