Black-box Prompt Tuning for Vision-Language Model as a Service.

Lang Yu Qin Chen Jiaju Lin Liang He

Published in: IJCAI (2023)

Keyphrases

black box
language model
language modeling
n gram
black boxes
document retrieval
speech recognition
language modelling
probabilistic model

statistical language models
information retrieval
retrieval model
query expansion
white box
test collection
mixture model
ad hoc information retrieval
context sensitive

test cases
smoothing methods
translation model
integration testing
white box testing
document ranking
relevance model
relevant documents

pseudo feedback
query language
machine learning
vector space model
query terms
relational databases
decision trees
learning algorithm