Gradient-based Bi-level Optimization for Deep Learning: A Survey.

Can Chen Xi Chen Chen Ma Zixuan Liu Xue Liu

Published in: CoRR (2022)

Keyphrases

image features
bi level
deep learning
gray scale
unsupervised learning
machine learning
unsupervised feature learning
mental models
deep architectures
weakly supervised
restricted boltzmann machine
information retrieval
pattern recognition
higher order
text classification
automatic extraction