Keyphrases
- combinatorial optimization
- metaheuristic
- ant colony optimization
- combinatorial optimization problems
- simulated annealing
- traveling salesman problem
- branch and bound
- combinatorial problems
- memetic algorithm
- optimization problems
- ant colony
- mathematical programming
- swarm intelligence
- ant colonies
- evolutionary algorithm
- artificial ants
- vehicle routing problem
- quadratic assignment problem
- combinatorial search
- tabu search
- particle swarm optimization
- neural network
- pheromone trails
- hard combinatorial optimization problems
- aco algorithm
- exact algorithms
- search space
- search algorithm