Keyphrases
- ant colony optimization
- vehicle routing problem with time windows
- memetic algorithm
- combinatorial optimization problems
- metaheuristic
- vehicle routing problem
- tabu search
- ant colony optimisation
- traveling salesman problem
- initial solution
- ant colony
- aco algorithm
- aco algorithms
- ant colony optimization metaheuristic
- ant colony optimization algorithm
- ant colony algorithm
- benchmark problems
- routing problem
- swarm intelligence
- simulated annealing
- optimization problems
- integer programming
- test problems
- combinatorial optimization
- genetic algorithm ga
- particle swarm optimization
- neural network
- genetic algorithm
- cost function
- exact algorithms
- evolutionary computation
- column generation
- valid inequalities
- search space
- hybrid algorithm