Keyphrases
- preprocessing
- computational cost
- improved algorithm
- learning algorithm
- particle swarm optimization
- computational complexity
- cost function
- probabilistic model
- recognition algorithm
- times faster
- path planning
- detection algorithm
- high accuracy
- data sets
- k means
- objective function
- optimal solution
- genetic algorithm
- significant improvement
- expectation maximization
- natural images
- optimization algorithm
- dynamic programming
- clustering method
- convex hull
- search space
- image segmentation
- classification algorithm
- tree structure
- higher order
- np hard