Keyphrases
- ant algorithm
- quadratic assignment problem
- tabu search
- variable neighborhood search
- hybrid algorithm
- metaheuristic
- hybrid method
- simulated annealing
- genetic algorithm
- solution quality
- ant colony algorithm
- benchmark instances
- combinatorial optimization
- test instances
- vehicle routing problem
- lower bound
- scheduling problem
- traveling salesman problem
- ant colony optimization
- multi objective
- search algorithm
- optimal solution
- particle swarm optimization
- optimization problems
- grid environment