A comprehensive survey on image captioning: from handcrafted to deep learning-based techniques, a taxonomy and open research issues.
Himanshu SharmaDevanand PadhaPublished in: Artif. Intell. Rev. (2023)
Keyphrases
- deep learning
- image retrieval
- single image
- image classification
- multiscale
- input image
- image content
- image features
- image segmentation
- high resolution
- viewpoint
- image representation
- unsupervised feature learning
- training data
- unsupervised learning
- feature vectors
- feature space
- image regions
- spatial information
- object recognition
- pattern recognition