Keyphrases
- experimental evaluation
- optimization algorithm
- computational cost
- learning algorithm
- times faster
- detection algorithm
- improved algorithm
- preprocessing
- k means
- significant improvement
- special case
- cost function
- dynamic programming
- expectation maximization
- optimal solution
- recognition algorithm
- distance transform
- theoretical analysis
- high accuracy
- worst case
- computational complexity
- estimation algorithm
- data sets
- weighted distance
- clustering method
- particle swarm optimization
- simulated annealing
- probabilistic model
- np hard
- search space
- decision trees